Introduction
Dive into the mesmerizing world of Indian classical music through a curated selection of unique ragas. Each raga presented below is rooted in centuries of tradition and carries a distinct flavor, emotional expression, and melodic structure. Whether you’re a student, performer, or enthusiast, this guide will enrich your understanding of the ragas’ structure, performance time, and intricate swaras (notes).
NAND Raga
- Thaat: Not specified
- Jati: Audav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: Second prahar of the night
Features: Rishab is forbidden in ascent. The raga uses pure notes, and its beauty lies in smooth transitions and elegant phrasing.
Arohan (Ascent): Sa Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Avarohan (Descent): Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ga Ma, Pa Dha Ni, Dha Re Ma, Pa Ga, Ma, Re Sa
NAT BILAWAL Raga
- Thaat: Bilawal
- Jati: Shadav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Madhyam (Ma)
- Samvaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Time: Second quarter of the day
Features: A blend of ‘Nat’ in ascent and ‘Bilawal’ in descent. The use of both Nishads and Rishabh in ascent enhances the expression.
Arohan: Sa Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Sa Ga Ma, Pa Ma Ga, Ma Re Ni Dha Pa
NAT BIHAG Raga
- Thaat: Bilawal
- Jati: Audav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: First quarter of the night
Features: Dhaivat is prohibited in the ascent. Online Casinos For Real Money Uk Soft Nishad adds emotional texture, and the structure emphasizes a tranquil mood.
Arohan: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ga Ma Ni Dha Sa, Pa Ma, Ga Re Ni Sa
NAT MALLAR (Nat Malhar) Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Madhyam (Ma)
- Samvaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Time: Rainy season
Features: A fusion of ‘Nat’ and ‘Malhar’, this raga incorporates both Ga and Ni in their komal and shuddha forms.
Arohan: Sa Re Ma Ga Ma Pa Ni Dha Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Sa Re Ga, Ma Re Ma, Pa Ma Pa Ma Re, Re Ma Re, Ni Sa
NAYAKI KANADA Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Shadav
- Vaadi: Madhyam (Ma)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: Midnight
Features: A blend of ‘Suha’ and ‘Sarang’. Komal Gandhar and Komal Nishad dominate. Dhaivat is omitted in ascent.
Arohan: Sa Re Ni Dha Ma Avarohan: Sa Ni Pa Ma Ga Ga Ma Re Sa
Pakad: Re Ga, Ma, Re Sa, Re Ni Sa, Re Pa Dha, Ma, Pa, Sa Ni Pa, Ga Ma, Re Sa
NARAYANI Raga
- Thaat: Khamaj
- Jati: Audav-Padav
- Vaadi: Rishabh (Re)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: Second quarter of the night
Features: A Carnatic-origin raga with a light, devotional feel. Gandhar and Nishad are forbidden in ascent.
Arohan: Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Sa Avarohan: Sa Ma Sa Ni Ga Ma Re Sa
Pakad: Sa Ni Dha Ma Pa, Ni Dha Pa, Ma Pa Dha Sa, Ma Pa Dha San
PATDEEP Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Audav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Samvaadi: Rishabh (Re)
- Time: Third quarter of the day
Features: Soft Gandhar is used. Rishabh and Dhaivat are skipped in ascent.
Arohan: Sa Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ni Sa Ga Re Ma Ga Re Ni Sa
PATMANJARI Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: Third quarter of the day
Features: Gandhar and Dhaivat are weak in ascent. ‘Sarang’ influence is seen.
Arohan: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Ma Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Ni Sa
Pakad: Sa Ni Sa Re Ma Pa, Ma Pa Ga Re Ma Ga, Re Sa, Re Ni Sa
PANCHAM Raga
- Thaat: Marwa
- Jati: Audav & Sampoorna variants
- Vaadi: Shuddha Madhyam
- Samvaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Time: Late night
Features: Two types exist—Baadav and Sampoorna. Both Madhyams are used. Lalit and Hindol ang are seen.
Arohan: Ma Ni Dha Sa Ma Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Ma Ga Ma Re Sa
Pakad: Ma Ga, Ma Ni Ga, Re Sa, Ma Ga, Ma Ni Dha Ma
PRADEEPKI (PATDEEPKO) Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Audav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Madhyam (Ma)
- Time: Third quarter of the day
Features: Raga is sung with Komal Nishad and both Gandhars. Bhimpalasi style is used.
Arohan: Sa Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Ma Pa Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ni Sa, Ga, Ma, Dha Pa, Ma, Ga, Ma Pa Ni, Dha Pa
PURGE Raga
- Thaat: Purvi
- Jati: Audav-Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: Last quarter of the night
Features: Komal Rishabh and Dhaivat. Pure Madhyam is placed between two Gandhars.
Arohan: Ni Sa Ga Ma Dha Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ni Sa Ga, Dha Ni Sa, Ma Pa Ma Ga Dha Re Sa
HILL Raga
- Thaat: Bilaval
- Jati: Audav
- Vaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Samvaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Time: All-day
Features: Related to Bhoopali and Deskar. Sung mostly in mandra saptak. Avoids Madhyam and Nishad.
Arohan: Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ga Pa Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Re Ga, Pa Dha, Pa Dha Ni, Ga Re Sa
POLU Raga
- Thaat: Kafi
- Jati: Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Gandhar (Ga)
- Samvaadi: Nishad (Ni)
- Time: Third quarter of the day
Features: Shuddha notes in ascent and Komal in descent. Komal Ga and Dha are prominent.
Arohan: Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Pa Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ni Sa
Pakad: Ni Sa Ga, Pa Dha Ni Sa
PURIYA Raga
- Thaat: Marwa
- Jati: Shadav-Padav
- Vaadi: Gandhar (Ga)
- Samvaadi: Nishad (Ni)
- Time: Second quarter of the night
Features: Komal Rishabh, Teevra Madhyam, and Pancham is omitted. Lower octave dominance.
Arohan: Ni Re Ga Re Ma Dha Ni Sa Avarohan: Sa Ni Dha Re Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ni Ni Ma Dha Ni Sa
PURIYA DHANASHREE Raga
- Thaat: Purvi
- Jati: Sampoorna
- Vaadi: Pancham (Pa)
- Samvaadi: Shadja (Sa)
- Time: Fourth quarter of the day
Features: Uses Komal Rishabh and Dhaivat, Teevra Ma. Ma-Ni-Dha-Re-Ga group used prominently.
Arohan: Ni Dha Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Avarohan: Ma Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad: Ni Dha Re Ga, Ma Dha Pa, Ma Re Ga, Ma Ga Re Sa
Conclusion
These ragas exemplify the vast melodic spectrum of Indian classical music. From morning till midnight, from joy to devotion, they color every emotion with their unique swaras and tonal moods. Let this guide serve as a reference and inspiration for your musical journey.




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